We should always aim

to make everyone happy

We should always

consider how our actions affect other people’s happiness

We should try to produce as much happiness as possible

We should aim to make everyone equally happy

We can criticize the

norms of a society as inconsistent or based on false beliefs

Nothing we do can be

criticized

Our commitments rest

on false beliefs

There are no good

reasons to act in a particular way

You have to make friends with everyone.

As long as you mean well, it doesn't matter what the end result of your actions are.

You have to promote other people's ends or goals by any means possible..

You cannot use someone as if they were an object or tool

Moral rules or principles

Virtues or human excellences

Obligatory actions

Praiseworthy actions

A right to enjoy natural resources, such as water, forests, and beaches

A right that one acquires as a natural citizen of a country

A God-given right, enjoyed by all natural creatures

A right that all human beings are born with

Morality tends to be

more demanding and broader in scope

They are not

different

Morality changes from

place to place

We must always follow

the law

When someone appeals

to what everyone (or nearly everyone) believes

When it is pointed out that the author of a claim or argument doesn't act in accordance with it

When someone uses the

number of humans that have done something as a reason for others to do it

When someone attacks the author of an argument rather than the argument itself

A set of cultural

norms that, if violated, may result in people avoiding you or thinking you are

impolite

What people believe

to be right or wrong in a fundamental way

A set of rules that,

if violated, may result in physical or financial sanctions

A set of rules that,

if followed, always results in the person living a long and happy life

Fact-checking

Slippery slope

Tu Quoque

Ad hominem