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According to Krashen one obstacle that manifests itself during language
acquisition is the so-called 'screen' that is influenced by
emotional variables that can prevent learning. This hypothetical filter
does not impact acquisition directly but rather prevents input from reaching
the language acquisition part of the brain. According to Krashen the
affective filter can be prompted by many different variables including anxiety,
self-confidence, motivation and stress.
According to Krashen, there are two ways of developing language ability.
Acquisition involves the subconscious acceptance of knowledge where information
is stored in the brain through the use of communication; this is the process
used for developing native languages. Learning, on the other hand, is the
conscious acceptance of knowledge ‘about’ a language (i.e. the grammar or
form). Krashen states that this is often the product of formal language
instruction.
This hypothesis suggests that language acquisition occurs when learners
receive messages that they can understand, a concept also known as
comprehensible input. However, Krashen also suggests that this
comprehensible input should be one step beyond the learner’s current language
ability, represented as
i+ 1, in order to allow learners to
continue to progress with their language development.
a purposeful, task-based activity
through which students address
authentic problems/questions and
create some kind of product which they
present at the end of the allocated time
What
factors have been accepted as significant in the formation of interlanguage?