Fundamentally contradicts an individual's worldview, causing overwhelm.

Is witnessed by a large group of people simultaneously.

Leads to predictable emotional responses and flashbacks.

Involves direct exposure to threatened death.

Relax – Analyze – Interpret – Narrate

 Recognize – Allow – Investigate – Nurture / Non-identification

Recognize – Analyze – Isolate – Neutralize

React – Analyze – Ignore – Neutralize

Primarily focused on the limits of confidentiality.

A one-time document signed at the first session.

An ongoing process that specifically covers the risks of discussing trauma.

Handled by a third-party administrator to avoid therapeutic conflict.

MBCT

 DBT

 MBSR

ACT

Because it guarantees faster treatment outcomes for all clients. 

Because therapists are required by law to speak multiple languages.

Because it is only relevant when working with refugees and asylum seekers.

Because failure to understand cultural interpretations can lead to misdiagnosis, harm, and perpetuation of injustice.