The nodes of Ranvier replenish the rapid electrotonic flow of current between the cells

The myelin sheath allows rapid saltaory flow of current between the cells through the hemi-channels

The myelin sheath allows saltatory curent flow

The gap junction channels allow rapid electrotonic flow of current between the cells

The myelin sheath reduces current loss

Thoughfulness, Strength and 2nd messengers

Slowness of speed, Flexibility and Plasticity

Binding, Regulation and Specificity

Specificity, Affinity and Saturation

Diversity, Amplification, Multiple control sites

Will increase the probability of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels opening at threshold

Will increase the efflux of K⁺

Move the resting membrane potential closer to the threshold for an AP

Will cause the resting membrane potential to hyperpolarize

Will decrease the probability of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels opening at threshold

Multiple interconnecting polypeptide chains

A structure made up of amino acids

A complex of different protein subunits

A single polypeptide chain

A complex of identical protein subunits

Slow

Unidriectional

Fast

Refractory

Irreversible

aid in the reuptake of neurotransmitters in the post synpatic cell

hold vesicles in place close to the active zone in close proximity of voltage gated Na+ channels

hold vesicles in place close to the active zone in close proximity of transmitter gated Ca++ channels

hold vesicles in place close to the active zone in close proximity of voltage gated Ca++ channels

transport vesicles from the active zone back to the cell body for packing of neurotransmitters

Are smaller and more selective for cations that flow through

Are bigger and less selective for the ions that flow through

Are larger polypeptides and non-selective for either charge or size of the ions that flow through

Are smaller and more selective for anions that flow through

Are larger polypeptides and non-selective for charge of the ions that flow through

Gas molecules

Amino acids and purines

Amino acids and peptides

Large MW peptides

Small MW non-peptides

Allow voltage-gatedCa⁺⁺  channels to open more quickly when the terminal is depolarised

Speed up transmitter exocytosis by holding vesicles in position to be exposed to the transient increase in intracellular Ca⁺⁺

Allow voltage-gated channels to open more quickly when the terminal is depolarised

Speed up vesicle recycling by exposing vesicles to the transient increase in intracellular Ca⁺⁺

Speed up terminal depolarization by holding voltage-gated Ca⁺⁺ channels in place for optimal effects