Houses the receptors cells and nerve fibres

Amplifies sound energy to the cochlea

Activates the second messengers that open ion channels

Causes the stretch of mechanically-gated ion channels

Lies above the receptor hair cells and in which the stereocilia is embedded

The receptors have to release neurotransmitters to activate the underlying neurons

The receptors are covered by connective tissue capsules

Transduction in both cases involves stretch leading to opening of ion channels

Transduction in both cases involves second messenger activation of ion channels

The accessory structures in both cases amplify stimulus energy

Activation of GPCRs which activate Gustducin which activates PDE which breaks down cGMP

Either H+ entry into the cell or blocking of K+ exit from the cell

Activation of GPCRs which activate Gustducin and then actions via the PLC-beta signalling pathway

Activation of GPCRs which activate Gustducin which breaks down cGMP

Activation of GPCRs which activate Gustducin which open ion channels for K+

cross adaptation

simple localisation

cross segregation

simple adaptation

Cross sensitivity

Exposure to a taste sensation in one part of the tongue increases the sensitivity to that taste across the rest of the tongue

Exposure to one taste sensation decreases the sensitivity to another test sensation

Exposure to a taste sensation in one part of the tongue decreases the sensitivity to that taste across the rest of the tongue

Exposure to one sensory modality (e.g. vision) affects the sensitivity of another sensory modality (e.g. taste)

Exposure to one taste sensation increases the sensitivity to another taste sensation