Which of the following is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease?

Which of the following would be helpful in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease?

Which of the following treatments/devices would be considered a surgical intervention for obstructive sleep apnea? 

A 45-year-old with severe eosinophilic asthma who is currently prescribed regular inhaled high dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) combined with a long-acting β2-adrenoceptor (LABA) is still using reliever medication every day.  Which additional drug should they be given?

The development of disease-modifying drugs that halt Alzheimer’s disease progression have focused on which of the following strategies? Targeting:

A 50-year-old male returns to see his sleep physician 1 year after undergoing upper airway surgery in order to treat his obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). He is still experiencing daytime sleepiness and his partner reports that while his snoring has improved since the surgery, it is still present and disrupting their sleep. A repeat sleep study shows the surgery has reduced the apnea-hypopnea index by 10 events/hr (from 35 to 25 events/hr).

Which of the following endotypes best explains this patient’s poor response to upper airway surgery?

Joe has been working in a factory making engineered stone benchtops for 5 years and has recently been diagnosed with silicosis after attending a workplace health screening. Which of the following contributes to the pathological changes associated with silicosis?

Which of the following treatments would be the most

effective at dampening an oversensitive ventilatory control system?