Q13. Would you recommend including an adjuvant in the KVD mRNA vaccine? Briefly justify your response. (1-2 sentences) (2 marks)

Q11. The research team considers developing a recombinant antigen vaccine or a DNA vaccine. Which statement is true for these vaccine types?

Q10. What is the herd immunity threshold required to prevent transmission of KVD?

Q7. High affinity neutralising antibodies:

Q9. Cytokine therapy is typically administered in combination with another antimicrobial agent. Which of the following antimicrobial agents would you prescribe to treat a kipu virus infection?

Q6. Natural Killer (NK) cells can induce apoptosis in kipu infected cells. The activation of NK cells is dependent on two distinct types of cell surface receptors – activating and inhibitory. Select the correct statement:

Q8. The therapeutic administration of cytokines via subcutaneous injection is associated with improved clinical outcomes for patients with Kipu Virus Disease (KVD). Which of the following cytokines would you recommend as a therapeutic for KVD?

Q5. The immunologist examined the subcellular localisation of MHC-I in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that were cultured with the kipu virus (infected IECs) or a mock virus (control IECs). The results are summarised in the graphs below. What effect does kipu virus infection have on MHC-I processing and presentation in IECs? How would this impact the adaptive cell-mediated immune response in a kipu infected patient? (2-3 sentences) (2 marks)

Q4. Which class (or classes) of Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) will detect the viral double-stranded RNA genome in the cellular cytoplasm? (select all that apply)

Q27. Aqualunosis is a disease with high YLD but low YLL. Based on this, which of the following conclusions can you draw?