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MCB2011 - Molecular biology and the cell - S1 2026
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β-mercaptoethanol is a component of Laemmli buffer. What is the function of β-mercaptoethanol?
The MFN2 protein is comprised of six functional domains. Which domain is responsible for anchoring MFN2 in the outer mitochondrial membrane?
What is the approximate molecular weight of the full-length MFN2 protein in humans?
To study the processing of pre-mRNA transcripts, the researcher cultured human myocytes in the laboratory and used a technique called ultracentrifugation to isolate myocyte nuclei, ribosomes and cytoplasm.
Which isolated sample (nuclei, ribosomes or cytoplasm) would contain the greatest abundance of pre-mRNA transcripts? Briefly justify your response. (1-2 sentences) (2 marks)
To determine which aspect of carbon catabolism was impacted by mutagenesis in each of these strains, the strains were also assayed for carbon catabolism of glucose, xylose and arabinose and sent for genetic sequencing. It was found that PET #X had a mutation that resulted in constitutive CAP binding to the CAP binding site. Which of the graphs below is most likely to represent strain PET #X?
The randomly generated mutants were then screened for ethanol production. Strains were cultured in media containing glucose, xylose and arabinose to reflect the composition of agricultural biomass. The bacterial strains were cultured for a period of fifteen hours and samples of media were collected at regular timepoints (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 hours) to track the production of ethanol.
A graph of ethanol production in the PET #A strain and 2 mutant strains; PET #X, and PET #Y are shown below.
Which strain produced the most ethanol at 15 hours?
The researcher treated PET #A E. coli with the base analogue 2-Aminopurine which is structurally similar to a nitrogenous base found in DNA. The structure of 2-Aminopurine is shown below:
Which nitrogenous base does 2-Aminopurine
most closely resemble?
The ecologists used a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to investigate the abundance of the novel organism in several different ecological niches including hydrothermal vents, deep-sea sediments and shallow coastal waters. The qPCR assay was performed using a primer that specifically targeted a gene carried by the novel organism.
Examine the qPCR results shown above. Which ecological niche (hydrothermal vents, deep-sea sediments, shallow coastal waters) had the highest abundance of the novel organism? Briefly explain how you reached this conclusion. (2-3 sentences) (2 marks)
The reagent Vemin8 specifically binds to 7-methylguanosine.
i) Will Vemin8 bind to myocyte RNA, C. perfringens RNA, or both? Briefly justify your response. (1-2 sentences) (2 marks)
ii) Will Vemin8 bind to small nuclear RNA (snRNA)? Briefly justify your response. (1-2 sentences) (2 marks)
The researcher discovers that expression of the MoxinX gene is upregulated in infected myocytes. The first 10 nucleotides of the first exon of the MoxinX gene are 5’ ATG GGT TCC T 3’. What is the sequence of the first 10 nucleotides of transcribed mRNA in the pre-mRNA transcript?