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What determines when a synchronous motor is at normal excitation?

This question is based on information derived from the Wildi textbook, Electrical Machines, Drives & Power Systems, Chapter 17.

While a synchronous motor is operating, a problem occurs with the power supply feeding excitation current to the machine. The machine continues to operate at synchronous speed despite the fact that there is zero excitation current being fed into the machine.

What is the reason behind this phenomenon?

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If mechanical load is added to a synchronous motor and the magnetic coupling between the rotor and stator is broken, what would be the result to the motor's operation?

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How does an electrical worker go about changing the direction of rotation of a synchronous motor?

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Why must a synchronous motor never be started with the D.C. excitation current already applied to the rotor?

A popular strategy that manufacturers will use to increase the power output of a cylindrical rotor is to build a rotor with a longer overall length as opposed to increasing the rotor's diameter.