attacker from stealing data.

will not be executed. But the processor executes those instructions

speculatively, and even though the results of the instructions are

discarded, the instructions affect the cache, which enables the attacker

to deduce the contents of a memory location.

will not be executed. Spectre confuses the processor, causing it to

execute the wrong instructions, which enables the attacker to steal data.

an infinite loop

to a user program

periodically and all the other processes will receive time slices

which enable them to make progress

jumps from the user program to the operating system

the destination register, as well as other purposes