will not be executed. Spectre confuses the processor, causing it to

execute the wrong instructions, which enables the attacker to steal data.

will not be executed. But the processor executes those instructions

speculatively, and even though the results of the instructions are

discarded, the instructions affect the cache, which enables the attacker

to deduce the contents of a memory location.

attacker from stealing data.

an infinite loop

jumps from the user program to the operating system

periodically and all the other processes will receive time slices

which enable them to make progress

to a user program

the destination register, as well as other purposes