a single fixed program that cannot be changed.

are represented in words in memory

system to move a program from one area of memory to another by loading

each instruction into a register, and then storing it at a different

location.

stored in memory just like any other data values

word represents a number or an instruction

are kept separate from data

low voltage), so even if the input signals are weakened the output

will be strong

Boolean function

by hand, one at a time

the transistors

that input value changes.

replaces its state with the value of its input signal.

resulting in a wrong value entering a flip flop at the tick

the high or low power supply