A 38-year-old patient

presents with a painful swelling of the submandibular gland on the left side.

Especially during meals, the gland is painful and produces a large amount of

saliva. During this, small stones are released from the duct. The cause of his

difficulties is the so-called sialolithiasis, i. e. the formation of salivary

stones. The most common cause is a change in the composition of saliva. The

viscosity of saliva increases, and a mucoprotein matrix is ​​formed, into which

inorganic material (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus salts) is subsequently

deposited and a stone is formed. Which parts of the submandibular gland are

involved in the production and composition of saliva?

A 22-year-old patient

presents for a colonoscopy to confirm a diagnosis of Crohn's disease or

ulcerative colitis. He has been suffering from crampy abdominal pain with

watery diarrhea with admixture of blood and mucus for several weeks. During the

endoscopy, a typical picture of mucosal damage by these autoimmune

inflammations is described and a biopsy is taken for histological examination,

which finally establishes the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative

colitis is a rare autoimmune type of

An investigator

studying new drug delivery systems administers an aerosol containing 10 μm sized particles to a healthy subject via

a special mask. These particles are found to deposit

on the surface of the respiratory tract with a pseudostratified epithelium.

Which of the following mechanism is the most likely way of clearance of the

particulate matter in this subject?