A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician

because of a 6-month history of heavy, irregular menstrual bleeding. The sample

of endometrium shows corkscrew tubular glands with an irregular lumen lined by

tall columnar epithelial cells. The lumina are dilated and full of secretory

products. The stroma is edematous. Which stage of the menstrual cycle is the

endometrium probably at?

The 35-year-old woman

is already pregnant for the fourth time, unfortunately, all three previous

pregnancies ended in miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy. Here,

with her fourth pregnancy, she decided on IVF (in vitro fertilization). The

absence or failure of the corpus luteum leads to insufficient natural

production of one of the hormones necessary for the maintenance and proper

course of early pregnancy. What hormone is produced by the corpus luteum?

While creating new

slides for students, the histology laboratory technician mixed up the slides

with the placenta. However, half of the placenta samples are from the first

trimester of pregnancy, and the other part is from the third trimester. Which

characteristics will help the laboratory technician to distinguish the given

samples from each other?

A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician

because of a 6-month history of heavy, irregular menstrual bleeding. The sample

of endometrium shows corkscrew tubular glands with an irregular lumen lined by

tall columnar epithelial cells. The lumina are dilated and full of secretory

products. The stroma is edematous. Which stage of the menstrual cycle is the

endometrium probably at?

A routine

gynecological examination also includes a cytological smear for cervical cancer

screening. During this procedure, cells from the outer surface of the cervix

are taken. Because the outer surface of the cervix faces the lumen of the

vagina, it has the same epithelium as the vagina. What epithelium is it?

A 24-year-old woman recently

found out she was pregnant, probably in her 5th or 6th week of pregnancy. She

suddenly feels a sharp pain in her lower abdomen and the pain steadily worsens

over a period of minutes, and she begins to develop symptoms of shock. She is

immediately taken to hospital where it is found that her fallopian tube has

ruptured as a result of an ectopic pregnancy. This condition is very serious

and threatens a woman´s life. The patient is immediately operated and the

ruptured fallopian tube is completely removed. What is the outer surface of the

fallopian tube covered with?

While creating new

slides for students, the histology laboratory technician mixed up the slides

with the placenta. However, half of the placenta samples are from the first

trimester of pregnancy, and the other part is from the third trimester. Which

characteristics will help the laboratory technician to distinguish the given

samples from each other?

A 25-year-old woman has a positive pregnancy

test based on the detection of the human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) hormone

in her urine. To be sure, she visits her gynaecologist the next day and asks

him to confirm the pregnancy with the help of blood tests, which are also based

on the determination of the value of this hormone in the blood. hCG is a

specific hormone that is present in the body only during pregnancy (except a

few specific pathological conditions). Choose correct statement about the

tissue that produces hCG during pregnancy?

The 35-year-old woman

is already pregnant for the fourth time, unfortunately, all three previous

pregnancies ended in miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy. Here,

with her fourth pregnancy, she decided on IVF (in vitro fertilization). The

absence or failure of the corpus luteum leads to insufficient natural

production of one of the hormones necessary for the maintenance and proper

course of early pregnancy. What hormone is produced by the corpus luteum?

A 39-year-old patient has not had any

significant problems so far, but now she and her partner have been trying

unsuccessfully to have a baby for some time. After a thorough gynaecological

examination, one of the possible causes of infertility in women was discovered

to be endometriosis, which is the pathological presence of the endometrium

outside the uterine cavity. This mucosa can be present virtually anywhere in

the peritoneal cavity, but very often the localization is the ovaries, as is

this case. The patient undergoes laparoscopic surgery to treat the endometriosis

on the ovaries. And although it's not entirely common, the patient manages to

conceive naturally shortly after the surgery. From these figures, select the

figure of a tertiary follicle.