Increased venous return increases both EDV and preload of the heart.

Increased venous return increases EDV but decreases the preload of the heart.

Increased venous return decreases both EDV and preload of the heart.

Increased venous return decreases EDV but increases the preload of the heart.

when ventricular pressure becomes greater than atrial pressure

when atrial pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressure

when ventricular pressure becomes greater than aortic pressure

when aortic pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressure

when the semilunar valves open

Increased afterload on the heart.

Increased sympathetic nervous system activation.

Increased preload of cardiac muscle cells due to increased venous return.

Increased contractility of the cardiac muscle.

T wave

QRS complex

P wave

Coronary atherosclerosis is one cause of CHF.

Stroke volume is higher than normal.

During CHF, cardiac output is low and blood circulation does not meet tissue needs.

Chronic/persistent hypertension is one cause of CHF.

anaphylactic shock

cardiogenic shock

hypovolemic shock

neurogenic shock

septic shock

calcium movement into the cardiac myocytes

sodium movement into the cardiac myocytes

sodium movement out of the cardiac myocytes

potassium movement out of the cardiac myocytes

potassium movement into the cardiac myocytes

calcium movement out of the cardiac myocytes

The ventricles are in diastole.

The semilunar valves are open.

Atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure.

The AV valves are closed.

decreasing end-diastolic volume (EDV)

decreasing stroke volume

decreasing heart rate

decreasing end-systolic volume (ESV)