A 32 year old woman underwent a thyroidectomy. Two months postoperatively, it was observed that the patient had lost the ability to notice the presence of foreign objects in the laryngeal vestibule.

Which of the following nerves was most likely injured? 

A 28 year old woman with mature Graffian follicles, when does the first maturation (meiotic) division of oocytes typically complete?

A 26 year old woman has been recently breast feeding. She accidentally feels  a painless, mobile breast lump. Lumpectomy was carried out owing to the size of the mass. Examination shows a fleshy mass, with solid areas and small cysts filled with milky secretion.

      Which is the most likely diagnosis in this case?

A couple visiting the fertility outpatient clinic. On history taking they are married for 10 months duration, her menstrual cycle is regular, sexual intercourse is regular and no significant special habits affecting fertility. They are seeking fertility and asking about their management.

A 20 year old woman had a thyroid swelling with normal thyroid function diagnosed by ultrasound as TIRAD-II simple thyroid cyst.

Which sonographic feature is most consistent with a simple thyroid cyst?

A 20 year old woman  presents to her primary care doctor with thinning scalp hair, excessive facial hair, and high ACTH and low cortisol levels in her blood.

What is the single most cause should the physician seriously consider?

A 10 day old male infant is presented to the ER with severe electrolyte imbalance and life-threatening arrhythmia. The parents reported a 3-day history of poor feeding and lethargy. On examination, he was bradycardic with signs of dehydration. Blood labs showed hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. A diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with salt-wasting crisis secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency was confirmed by genetic studies.

What is most likely underlying mechanism of this salt wasting?

A mother brought her newborn for a check-up. She complains of being sleepy most of the time, prolonged jaundice, poor feeding. He had delayed the passage of stool since birth.

What is the most likely first investigation you would ask for?

A researcher is investigating the signaling pathway of epinephrine in cardiac cells. He observes that the binding of epinephrine to its receptor leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase. What is the role of adenylate cyclase in this signaling pathway?

A 55-year-old man with obesity presents with systemic inflammation markers elevated on his blood tests. His physician explains that his adipose tissue likely contributes to this inflammation through the activity of immune cells.

Which of the following is the most likely mechanism responsible for this inflammation?