A 44 year old woman got pregnant and fear of congenital anomalies due to old age and positive consanguinity. During her first-trimester ultrasound, the nuchal translucency (NT) measurement is performed.

Which of the following conditions is most strongly associated with an increased NT measurement?

A 30 year woman has a missed period and positive pregnancy test attend the women health unit for antenatal care.

Which ultrasound measurement is most reliable for determining the gestational age in the first trimester?

A 30 year old woman with regular menstrual cycles, has been trying to conceive for 3 years and following investigations, she is offered in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer as the only treatment option by her fertility specialist.

Which is the most likely female reproductive system problem in this case making the IVF the only management option? 

A 30 year old woman presents to the infertility clinic with primary infertility for five years and painful menstruation and is found on ultrasound to have a 6 cm endometrioma in the left ovary. What is the most appropriate initial management?

A 55 year old patient came to the Gynaecology clinic today, she began to feel night sweats and hot flushes, her last menstrual period was 6 months ago, the consultant ordered a hormonal profile, the results concluded that the patient is menopausal, what do you expect the hormonal profile result of this patient?

A 32 year old pregnant patient came to the Obstetrics clinic today, she is pregnant in her 8th month and the visit is for routine follow-up of her pregnancy,

What is the hormone responsible for inhibition of the contraction of the uterine myometrium thus prevents pre-term labor?

A lecturer is explaining to his medical students the physiology of the ovarian cycle. He is describing one of the phases where there is a mature graafian follicle growing inside the ovary.

      Which is the single most hormone released from the ovary during this phase?

A 25 year old man arrives in ER with severe burns to both legs and torso. The doctor knows to start IV fluids to replace the water losses in the damaged skin. Before this happened, the kidneys had already reacted to hypovolemia.

Which hormone has been released by the kidney is this response?

A 57 years old woman is admitted to the hospital with hyponatremia and her laboratory tests show that inappropriate ADH secretion is suspected and further investigations are performed to diagnose the cause.

Which mechanism of action could most likely be increased in the kidney in this case?

A 17 year old student complains of headache and repeated attacks of elevated blood pressure and following laboratory investigations, apparent mineralocorticoid excess is diagnosed.

Which set of laboratory results most likely helped to reach the diagnosis of this case?