You are an intern in a genetic counselling clinic and were asked to determine the mode of inheritance of a genetic disease based on the family pedigree. What is the most likely mode of inheritance presented in the following pedigree?

Researchers use gel electrophoresis technique to separate DNA fragments according to size. 

What is the most appropriate direction of DNA migration in this technique?

Typical genes contain stretches of 500-1500 base pairs long with a GC content >55% that are normally found at promoters of genes and contain the 5′ end of the transcript. What is the single best term to describe this sequence?

7 years old boy complaining of some neurological problem. Mother was advised to do some gene studies .Sonic Hedgehog is a signaling protein which when secreted by the notochord stimulates the neural tube to form which type of cells?

A 34 male patient has suffered a traumatic injury to the perineum, potentially involving the spongy part of the urethra.  In which region the urine has to leaked or extravasated?

A 45-year-old male patient requires a surgical procedure in the ischiorectal fossa to drain an abscess. During the surgery, which structure should you stay away from to avoid injury of pudendal nerve and vessels?

A 52-year-old woman is scheduled for a hysterectomy and oophorectomy due to persistent ovarian cysts and heavy bleeding. During the surgery, the surgeon carefully identifies and ligates, the uterine and ovarian vessels. These vessels can be found in which ligaments ?

You are an intern in a genetic counselling clinic and were asked to determine the mode of inheritance of a genetic disease based on the family pedigree. What is the most likely mode of inheritance presented in the following pedigree?

A 40 year old patient is diagnosed to have a malignant melanoma. The doctor discussed with him the immune-therapy targeting the CTLA-4 checkpoint. Which of the following best describes the mechanisms of action of CTLA-4?

A couple comes to the hospital with their girl child who starts to develop penis at the age of 12, what is the most likely diagnosis?