formation of fragile structures due to fast cooling and the effect of welding stresses

formation of fragile structures due to excess heat input and the effect of welding stresses

internal stresses resulted from slow cooling

incorrect value of the weld shape factor and arising from that internal stresses

in the seam, due to the formation of hardening structures caused by rapid cooling; and presence of internal stresses

in the seam, due to the hydrogen diffusion into the metal

in heat affected zone due to metal's shrinkage and presence of internal stresses

in the seam, due to metals low deformability in semi-solid state and the deformations caused by shrinkage.

in the seam at an angle of 45°

in the heat affected zone at an angle of 45°

breaks the parent metal

weld does not break

length of whole metal detail

weld seam

height of weld seam

weld surrounding area of the base metal, where the microstructure has been altered

Cr

P

C

S

metal's ability to form weld pool

metal's ability to form a weld that satisfies to the operational requirements under the imposed fabrication conditions

metal's ability to form a weld that satisfies to the operational requirements, regardless of the welding technology

metal's ability to form a weld without welding deformations

cutoff, flanging, shaving

bending, flanging, hole flanging

blanking, necking, drawing

deep drawing, punching, hole flanging

punching, deep drawing, trimming

cutoff, drawing, trimming

blanking, deep drawing, bending

blanking, deep drawing, notching

the bending radius is large

the bending angle is small

the bending force is small

the bending angle is large