organization and team

all of the above

individual and intergroup

answers a and c

society

involves considerations such as the results and the acceptance of the technique

is usually a trade-off between advantages and disadvantages

all of the above

answers b and c

requires that the technique be oriented from all of the following change strategies: behavioral, structural, and technical

relies on the data gathering stage of an OD program

presents a time schedule that is easy to get upper management’s approval for

uses PERT and Gantt charts which already exist in most organizations

all of the above

helps keep track of progress once the change program is underway

all of the above

keep the organization operating as effectively as possible during the change

design the change program and to schedule time appropriately

keep track of the change program by top management

show the consequences of changes on other interventions

not predictable and should be eliminated

not predictable and should be ignored as there is not much that can be done to control them

the same thing as overt organization components

none of the above

second-order consequences that need to be considered in the selection of a change strategy

intervention strategies should address both visible and hidden aspects of an organization

the hidden elements of an organization cannot be changed as they are too deeply rooted in the organization’s culture

the observable elements of an organization can be changed

some members have behaviors and ideas that are frozen or unchangeable

answers c and d

the educational level of employees

disregarding second-order consequences

the integrative use of several strategies

select one specific strategy and stay with it until the change has been accomplished.

choosing the one that will optimize profits

consider the interdependence between subsystems

none of the above

disregard overt and covert subsystems as they are usually incidental to structure

study the overt activity and disregard covert activities

interview each of the organization’s members

redefine the way jobs are designed to enable jobs to accommodate new machinery

motivate employees through team building

answers a and c

review and improve interpersonal relationships between organization members

improve the framework that relates elements of the organization to one another

survey feedback

questionnaires and surveys

intervention strategies

a change in people and structure

a change in technology