Circumflex artery.

Left marginal artery.

Atrioventricular nodal artery.

Posterior interventricular artery.

Coronary sinus.

Release of factor III from damaged tissue to complex with factor V and factor VII.

Activation of factor XII.

Activation of factor X.

Release of tissue factor from damaged tissue to directly activate factor X.

Activation of factor IX.

A repolarization phase caused by K⁺ influx.

A slow depolarization during the resting phase between action potentials.

A sustained depolarization or ‘plateau’ phase caused by Ca²⁺ influx.

A rapid depolarization phase caused by Na⁺ influx.

A resting membrane potential averaging -85 V.

The right vagal trunk travels on the anterior surface of the oesphagus.

Reflexive afferent fibres from the bronchi accompany parasympathetic fibres to sensory ganglia.

Cranial nerves three, seven and nine synapse at intramural ganglia.

The vagus nerve passes from the cranium into the neck through the foramen magnum.

Noradrenaline is the neurotransmitter found in the synaptic junction of postganglionic neurons.

Surgical wound infection.

Skin infection.

Bacteremia.

Pneumonia.

 Urinary tract infection.

Digoxin leads to reduced intracellular calcium concentrations.

β-adrenoceptor antagonists do not improve mortality.

Positive inotropic agents act by decreasing cardiac contractility.

Diuretics are used to manage symptoms of congestion.

β-adrenoceptor antagonists are contraindicated with ACE inhibitors.

the number of individuals with hypertension declined.

the mean HDL cholesterol level of people declined.

more individuals started to smoke.

more individuals became overweight and obese.

the number of individuals with diabetes declined.

causes a fall in arterial blood pressure during a blood transfusion.

brings about a fall in cardiac output when a person changes posture from lying-down to standing.

ensures the cardiac output of the left ventricle is greater than the right ventricle.

is unrelated to ventricular preload.

accounts for most of the increase in cardiac output during exercise.

If target blood pressure is not reached, a second drug from a different class should be added.

A majority of patients will be adequately controlled by a single drug.

Lifestyle changes can control blood pressure as effectively as pharmacological approaches.

The best blood pressure control is achieved using three drugs at the onset of treatment.

Alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonists are first line therapy in hypertension.

vasopressin.

angiotensin II

atrial natriuretic peptide.

adrenaline / epinephrine.

aldosterone.