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In today's digital age, social media is a huge part of our daily lives. Platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok are filled with images and posts that showcase the best moments of people's lives. While it can be enjoyable to scroll through these perfect snapshots, it can also create unrealistic expectations about life and self-worth. It's crucial for us to recognize that many of these portrayals are not genuine. They are often carefully crafted to look flawless, and this can lead to feelings of inadequacy among viewers. Authenticity should be our goal when we engage with social media. Sharing real moments-both the ups and downs-allows us to present a more balanced view of life. When we show our true selves, we not only feel more comfortable in our own skin, but we also encourage others to embrace their authenticity. This creates a positive ripple effect, reducing the pressure to conform to unrealistic standards and fostering a sense of community. Moreover, being authentic can significantly improve our mental well-being. When we portray ourselves honestly, we free ourselves from the burden of maintaining a perfect image. This can lead to greater self-acceptance and less anxiety. The pressure to look perfect can be overwhelming, and many people struggle with this. By showing our true selves, we can help normalize the struggles that everyone faces, whether it's dealing with stress, anxiety, or everyday challenges. Let's make a change together! Instead of aiming for an unattainable ideal, let's embrace our true selves. Share your real experiences, your struggles, and your victories. Celebrate the moments that make you who you are, rather than the moments that are only for show. By doing this, we can build a community that values authenticity over idealization. Together, we can create a healthier and more supportive online environment for everyone.Let's commit to being real, fostering genuine connections, and uplifting one another. It's time to redefine what success and happiness look like in the digital world, making authenticity our new standard.Adapted from: https://aneverdtrms.com/the-impact-of-social-media-on-mental-health/What does the author suggest we should celebrate?
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If policymaker were to consider both perspectives in Text A and Text B, which actions would best address the concerns raised in both texts? (Choose more than one.)
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When the weather warms up, many of us turn to a cold shower to cool down. But while this feels like relief, it may not actually help.Cold exposure causes blood vessels near the skin to constrict, reducing blood flow. So, instead of releasing heat, a cold shower traps it around your internal organs. You're tricking your body into conserving heat, not shedding it. Depending on how cold the water is, sudden exposure can even trigger dangerous consequences. Water at 15°C can provoke the cold shock response-vessels constrict rapidly, blood pressure rises, and the heart pumps against increased resistance.This can be risky for people with heart conditions like coronary artery disease. Cold shock may also cause irregular heartbeat-or in extreme cases, even death-especially when going from very hot to very cold conditions.Thankfully, these events are rare and unlikely with a quick cold shower at home. Still, you might want to skip the cold plunge or avoid an ice bath on a hot day. Another reason: it may not be very effective for hygiene. Sweat mixes with sebum and bacteria to produce body odour. Cold water is less effective at removing sebum and debris than warm water, so odour can linger.Cold water also tightens skin, potentially trapping dirt in pores, leading to blackheads or acne. Warm or lukewarm water helps loosen and dissolve these materials.As you plan your escape from the heat, a lukewarm or cool shower-not a cold one-is a safer, more effective choice. Let your body release heat naturally, and cool off gradually to avoid shocking your system.Adapted from: https://theconversation.com/why-taking-a-cold-shower-on-a-hot-day-might-be-a-bad-idea-259074If someone insists on taking a cold shower during hot weather, what is the safest strategy based on the text?
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When the weather warms up, many of us turn to a cold shower to cool down. But while this feels like relief, it may not actually help.Cold exposure causes blood vessels near the skin to constrict, reducing blood flow. So, instead of releasing heat, a cold shower traps it around your internal organs. You're tricking your body into conserving heat, not shedding it. Depending on how cold the water is, sudden exposure can even trigger dangerous consequences. Water at 15°C can provoke the cold shock response-vessels constrict rapidly, blood pressure rises, and the heart pumps against increased resistance.This can be risky for people with heart conditions like coronary artery disease. Cold shock may also cause irregular heartbeat-or in extreme cases, even death-especially when going from very hot to very cold conditions.Thankfully, these events are rare and unlikely with a quick cold shower at home. Still, you might want to skip the cold plunge or avoid an ice bath on a hot day. Another reason: it may not be very effective for hygiene. Sweat mixes with sebum and bacteria to produce body odour. Cold water is less effective at removing sebum and debris than warm water, so odour can linger.Cold water also tightens skin, potentially trapping dirt in pores, leading to blackheads or acne. Warm or lukewarm water helps loosen and dissolve these materials.As you plan your escape from the heat, a lukewarm or cool shower-not a cold one-is a safer, more effective choice. Let your body release heat naturally, and cool off gradually to avoid shocking your system.Adapted from: https://theconversation.com/why-taking-a-cold-shower-on-a-hot-day-might-be-a-bad-idea-259074Which person would most benefit from the advice in this passage?
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Mila: I try to study every afternoon; however, I sometimes get distracted by my phone.Rafi: I understand. I usually turn off my notifications so I can focus.Mila: That sounds helpful. Because I need good grades, I really want to improve my study habits.Rafi: You can try studying in the library. Although it's far from your house, it's quieter.Mila: Good idea. Since my exams are coming, I should start changing my routine.The word "Although" in Rafi's line shows that…
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In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot have gained popularity, with many users turning to them during moments of emotional difficulty. Some people describe them as helpful conversational companions, even calling them low-cost alternatives to therapy. However, these general-purpose chatbots are not licensed therapists. While they may generate fast, relevant responses based on patterns found in internet text, they are not trained under medical guidelines or ethical standards. Despite this, some developers have created specialized mental health AIs such as Woebot and Wysa, which show promise in reducing anxiety or depression symptoms and supporting therapy techniques like journaling. Early studies suggest short-term benefits from using these mental health chatbots. However, many of these studies exclude participants with severe conditions and are sometimes funded by the same companies that developed the bots-raising questions about bias and credibility.Importantly, researchers warn of possible risks associated with long-term or excessive chatbot use. Concerns include emotional dependence, unhealthy attachment, loneliness, and even involvement in dangerous behavior. One study cited a case where a chatbot reportedly failed to discourage a user from committing a crime, showing the potential harm of AI lacking human judgment and empathy.Still, chatbots may fill urgent gaps in mental health support-especially where access to professionals is limited. For people with financial constraints, they provide an affordable first step. They're also useful between therapy sessions or for those on waitlists. The writer suggests that chatting with an AI when you're having a rough day may be helpful, but persistent emotional distress should be addressed by a professional.While general-purpose chatbots can offer basic guidance, they should not replace trained professionals, especially for diagnosing or managing long-term mental health issues. Further research is needed to evaluate their safety and effectiveness.Adapted from: "Do you talk to AI when you're feeling down? Here's where chatbots get their therapy advice" by Containe Snoswell, Aaron J. Snoswell, and Laura Neill.Which of the following suggestions would the writer agree with?
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Zara: I'm thinking about joining the English debate club. Do you think I should join?Noah: You should, because it can help you improve your speaking skills.Zara: But I might be too nervous to speak in front of many people.Noah: You don't have to be perfect. You just need practice. Besides, the seniors can guide you.Zara: That helps. Maybe I can try attending one meeting first.Why does Noah think Zara should join the club?
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In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot have gained popularity, with many users turning to them during moments of emotional difficulty. Some people describe them as helpful conversational companions, even calling them low-cost alternatives to therapy. However, these general-purpose chatbots are not licensed therapists. While they may generate fast, relevant responses based on patterns found in internet text, they are not trained under medical guidelines or ethical standards. Despite this, some developers have created specialized mental health AIs such as Woebot and Wysa, which show promise in reducing anxiety or depression symptoms and supporting therapy techniques like journaling. Early studies suggest short-term benefits from using these mental health chatbots. However, many of these studies exclude participants with severe conditions and are sometimes funded by the same companies that developed the bots-raising questions about bias and credibility.Importantly, researchers warn of possible risks associated with long-term or excessive chatbot use. Concerns include emotional dependence, unhealthy attachment, loneliness, and even involvement in dangerous behavior. One study cited a case where a chatbot reportedly failed to discourage a user from committing a crime, showing the potential harm of AI lacking human judgment and empathy.Still, chatbots may fill urgent gaps in mental health support-especially where access to professionals is limited. For people with financial constraints, they provide an affordable first step. They're also useful between therapy sessions or for those on waitlists. The writer suggests that chatting with an AI when you're having a rough day may be helpful, but persistent emotional distress should be addressed by a professional.While general-purpose chatbots can offer basic guidance, they should not replace trained professionals, especially for diagnosing or managing long-term mental health issues. Further research is needed to evaluate their safety and effectiveness.Adapted from: "Do you talk to AI when you're feeling down? Here's where chatbots get their therapy advice" by Containe Snoswell, Aaron J. Snoswell, and Laura Neill.Which of the following statements from the text is an opinion rather than a fact?
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Have you ever heard the expression that a glass is half full or half empty? If not, imagine that you are looking at a glass filled exactly halfway with liquid. Now, is the glass half full or half empty to you? People who say it is half full are called optimists, while people who say it is half empty are called pessimists.One of the clearest ways to see the differences between the two is to look at how optimists and pessimists explain events. When something bad happens, optimists tend to see the event as a single event which does not affect other areas of their lives. For example, Ratu is an optimistic person. When she gets a low grade on a test, she will say to herself: "Oh well that was one test I didn't do well on. I wasn't feeling well that day. I have another test in a few days. I'll do better on that one."Pessimists, on the other hand, feel that an event is just one of a string of bad events affecting their lives and that they're somehow the cause of it. Let's take a look at Puja. She is a pessimist. When she gets a low grade on a test, she might say: "I failed again. I never do well on tests. I'm stupid. I should just quit trying." And when something goes well for Puja, she often attributes her success to luck. She may say, "I was just lucky that time," and she doesn't expect to do well again. While optimists don't see themselves as failures, pessimists do. Research has shown that optimism can be a learned trait and that, despite their upbringing, people can train themselves to respond to events in more positive terms. For example, Jagat has a tendency to react negatively to events. The first thing he has to do is become conscious of that behavior. Once he identifies how he is reacting, he can reframe his thoughts in more positive terms, as Ratu did when she failed the test. As Jagat does more of this, he forms new patterns of response, and over time these responses become automatic. Gradually he can develop a more positive outlook on life. What about you? How do you see life? Is the glass half full or half empty?What is the writer's tone in the passage?
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In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot have gained popularity, with many users turning to them during moments of emotional difficulty. Some people describe them as helpful conversational companions, even calling them low-cost alternatives to therapy. However, these general-purpose chatbots are not licensed therapists. While they may generate fast, relevant responses based on patterns found in internet text, they are not trained under medical guidelines or ethical standards.Despite this, some developers have created specialized mental health AIs such as Woebot and Wysa, which show promise in reducing anxiety or depression symptoms and supporting therapy techniques like journaling. Early studies suggest short-term benefits from using these mental health chatbots. However, many of these studies exclude participants with severe conditions and are sometimes funded by the same companies that developed the bots-raising questions about bias and credibility.Importantly, researchers warn of possible risks associated with long-term or excessive chatbot use. Concerns include emotional dependence, unhealthy attachment, loneliness, and even involvement in dangerous behavior. One study cited a case where a chatbot reportedly failed to discourage a user from committing a crime, showing the potential harm of AI lacking human judgment and empathy.Still, chatbots may fill urgent gaps in mental health support-especially where access to professionals is limited. For people with financial constraints, they provide an affordable first step. They're also useful between therapy sessions or for those on waitlists. The writer suggests that chatting with an AI when you're having a rough day may be helpful, but persistent emotional distress should be addressed by a professional.While general-purpose chatbots can offer basic guidance, they should not replace trained professionals, especially for diagnosing or managing long-term mental health issues. Further research is needed to evaluate their safety and effectiveness.Adapted from: "Do you talk to AI when you're feeling down? Here's where chatbots get their therapy advice" by Containe Snoswell, Aaron J. Snoswell, and Laura Neill.Read the following statements. Which of them can be considered as a supporting idea for using AI chatbots as therapists, and which can be considered as a counterargument?
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