a second parent dies, and the surviving child assumes the role of the most senior member of the family line. 

the adult child is the youngest member of the family.

the death occurs after a prolonged illness.

the deceased parent was financially dependent on the adult child.

there is considerable debate within psychology as to whether memories are lost through inefficient encoding or inefficient retrieval. Additionally, research indicates an age-related decline in both encoding and retrieval processes.

research indicates no age-related decline in encoding and retrieval processes.

evidence from cognitive neuroscience suggests that older adults process information in same way as younger adults do due to changes in neural networking.

research does not indicate an age-related decline in both encoding and retrieval processes.

 voluntary retirement, because it is assumed that people over 60 are not as productive and creative as their younger counterparts.

when older persons are referred to in diminutive forms, because it is assumed that they prefer to be treated like children. 

when older persons are 'kept busy' so that they do not get lonely. 

when decisions are made without consulting the older person because it is assumed that they do not have the cognitive capacity to make decisions themselves. 

most forms of abuse experienced by older persons are from community members.

abuse of the elderly is mostly psychological and financial in nature. 

 elder abuse mostly occurs at old age homes.

more males than females are guilty of elder abuse.

olfaction

adaptation

 somatosensation

accommodation

the view that successful ageing is independent upon individual choices and behaviours. 

the emphasis on subjective experiences of older people while ignoring objective views.

the overemphasis of financial factors.

methodological flaws.

 disorganisation and despair

numbness

 reorganisation

yearning

Memory, intelligence, and attention

Intelligence, problem solving, and language

Information processing, memory, and attention

Information processing, language, and memory

for adults in middle adulthood, fear of death centres around their accomplishments.

 older adults tend to experience more anxiety.

 young adults who are confronted with the possibility of death are most afraid that they may die too soon before reaching their goals

Older adults tend to avoid thinking about death because it may seem closer to them.

agree that the term refers to the fact that persons are ageing well on at least one of the three identified levels of their functioning.

state that their theory is widely accepted.

face the dilemma that there is no universal set of criteria for determining successful ageing. 

 agree on the definition of successful ageing.