In a

laboratory experiment, a leukocyte culture was mixed with staphylococci.

Neutrophils engulfed and digested the bacterial cells. How is this process

termed?

Patients with bile duct obstruction

experience impaired blood clotting and bleeding due to reduced absorption of a

specific vitamin. Which vitamin is deficient?

A worker

experienced reduced buffer capacity of blood due to intense muscular

exertion.  Which acidic substance is most

likely responsible for this condition? 

A patient has been admitted

to the emergency department. The patient is in grave condition, unconscious,

and exhibits adynamia. The skin is dry, the eyes are sunken, and the face is

cyanotic. He presents with tachycardia and the smell of acetone from the mouth.

Test results show blood glucose 20.1 micromoles/L (normal range 3.3-5.5

micromoles/L), and urine glucose 3.5% (normal: 0). What is the most probable

diagnosis? 

A

patient shows elevated levels of LDH1, LDH2, aspartate aminotransferase, and

creatine phosphokinase. Which organ is most likely affected by the pathological

process? 

A

16-year-old boy underwent an appendectomy after being hospitalized on account

of right lower quadrant abdominal pain lasting for 18 hours. The removed

appendix is edematous and erythematous. Which type of cells must have

infiltrated the appendix?

A patient with diabetes mellitus has fasting

hyperglycemia exceeding 7,2 mmol/L. Which blood plasma protein allows the

retrospective assessment of glycemia levels over the past 4–8 weeks?

A patient experiences nausea, heartburn, and steatorrhea

after consuming fatty food. The most likely cause of this condition is:

A patient

presents with yellowish skin (=jaundice),

dark urine, and dark-yellow feces. Which substance is most likely to be

elevated in the blood serum?

An infant develops diarrhea due to inappropriate

feeding. One of the major diarrhea complications

is excessive loss of sodium bicarbonate. Which type of acid-base imbalance is

most likely to occur?