A 50-year-old woman comes to family physician with extreme sweating that occurs even in cool conditions. Her symptoms worsen during periods of stress or anxiety.

Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in activating her sweat glands?

A 50 year old man is performing a test for measuring diffusion capacity of respiratory membrane. The specialist asks you to connect the suitable gas tube for performing the test.

What’s the most likely gas you would be looking for in the components of the used tube?

A 35 year old man who is smoking heavily for 15 years, is diagnosed with emphysema.

What’s the most likely effect of his disease on gas diffusion and why?

A 30 year old gentleman breathes quietly under resting conditions. An intra-esophageal balloon is used for measuring his intrapleural pressure. What is the expected Intra-alveolar pressure at the end of inspiration, and end of expiration respectively?

A 43-year-old man with a complaint of sharp, localized pain over the thoracic wall is diagnosed with pleural effusion. Through which intercostal space along the midaxillary line is it most appropriate to insert a chest tube to drain the effusion fluid?

A 45 year old woman visits the neurologist with sensation of numbness in her hand. Investigations show that her peripheral nerves are compressed, and the myelin sheath is affected.

Which is the single most cell that secretes the affected sheath?

A 55-year-old female is admitted to the hospital with difficulty breathing. Radiographic examination reveals a tumor invading the lung surface anterior to the hilum. Which nerve is most likely compressed by the tumor to result in dyspnea?

A 26 year old gentleman expires forcibly with closed glottis (Valsalva’s maneuver).

What is the expected Intrapleural pressure?

A 14-year-old boy presents to the Emergency department with an an acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma after exercise. Based on this diagnosis, which combination of changes in residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC) are expected in this patient?

Five healthy men participating in a pulmonary function study are each asked to modify their tidal volume (TV) and respiration rate (RR) for 2 minutes. Which volunteer has the lowest alveolar ventilation (mL/min) during this time?