workers and top management

middle management and line supervisors

two department heads on the same level meeting together and establishing their objectives for a specific time frame

managers and their subordinates

top management and the board of directors

in no circumstances

in individuals who have a low need for achievement

when the individual earns a minimum wage

in individuals who have high self-esteem

answers b, c, and d

all of the above

commitment and job satisfaction will be higher than when the goals are imposed

they will probably not quit or transfer to another department

their managers don’t have time to set individual employee goals

they will likely set harder goals

be specific but easy to achieve so that employees do not become discouraged

be general and easy to achieve so people can easily achieve the goal and will not become discouraged

be both specific and difficult to achieve

be general in order to avoid specifics but be difficult to achieve in order to be challenging

be “do your best” type of goals rather than be difficult

is usually used at the team and not individual level

is an integral part of the program and typically occurs early in the program

answers c and d

typically does not begin until after intergroup development has taken place

is the last intervention activity to take place in the program

answers a and b

each group listing how they see themselves, how they think the other group sees them, and how they see the other group

the groups listing their job descriptions

teams diagnosing their interface problems and the development of action plans and follow-up activities

each group drawing the organization chart as they see it

compromising

obliging

integrating

avoiding

dominating

when the tasks are complicated and require a high degree of coordination

in no documented cases

in a majority of the cases according to well-documented studies

when tasks are simple and groups do not need to share information or resources

in a majority of organization situations

an individual belongs to two or more groups with conflicting goals

a third party intervenes to conduct surveys

a group is not cohesive

the manager is not strong and well organized

members compete with other team members

upper management communications

all of the above

competition and perceived power imbalances

answers a and c

role conflict and role ambiguity