A large body of standing water surrounded by

land

       A coastal wetland that filters ocean water

An area of land where all surface water drains

into a single common outlet

An underground aquifer that supplies drinking

water to cities

A man-made reservoir constructed for irrigation

purposes

Pressure-reducing valves and smart metering to

minimize leakage and overconsumption

Construct

concrete tunnels only to transport stormwater runoff

Greywater recycling systems that treat and reuse

domestic wastewater from sinks and showers for non-drinking purposes

Rainwater harvesting using rooftop collection

and storage tanks

Drip irrigation systems that deliver water

directly to plant root zones

Deforestation and

fragmentation from agriculture, plantations, and development

Agricultural encroachments/Agricultural conversion/Chena

cultivation

Invasive species

       Protect area conservation

Illegal logging and

selective extraction of high‑value timber

Roots can bind layers of

soil together

Leaf litter provides a barrier against the direct impact of

raindrops

All are correct

Leaves and canopy intercept

rainfall, reducing raindrop kinetic energy and preventing topsoil compaction

from heavy rain

Roots anchor the upper soil

layer into the stable bedrock and increase the shear strength of the soil root

matrix

Mangroves for Coastal

Protection: Reduce storm surge impacts, stabilize shorelines, and support

fisheries

      All of the above

Wetlands for Flood Control:

Store excess water, filter pollutants, and reduce urban flood risks

Coral Reefs as Natural

Breakwaters: Absorb wave energy, protecting coasts while sustaining marine

biodiversity

Forests for Landslide

Prevention in hill country: Stabilize slopes, reduce soil erosion, and regulate

water flows

Engineering dealing with indoor air pollution control to

reduce carbon monoxide poisoning

Engineering is concerned exclusively with urban power grids

within a country.

Engineering focuses on the planning, construction, and

maintenance of city infrastructure.

.      

Engineering that develops smart city applications like Apps

and software only.

The purification of air

through industrial filtering systems

The release of oxygen into

the atmosphere by trees in urban area

The contamination of the

indoor or outdoor air by chemical, physical, or biological agents

Release of dust particles

from volcanic eruptions

The natural process of

greenhouse gases circulating in the atmosphere

It can create the flu when

inhaled

It can penetrate deep into

the lungs and enter the bloodstream

It can make the skin itchy

and dry when touched

It can cause earaches due

to loud sounds

A It is visible to the

naked eye and can deposit on the eyes

       Paris Agreement

Ramsar Convention

       Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)

      Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

      UN Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)

.      

Diverting all rainfall to retention ponds → evaporate

excess → recharge aquifers mechanically.

      Pump groundwater to the

surface → filter through sand beds → redistribute via pressurized pipes.

Channel all runoff into concrete pipes → transport to

treatment plants → release to ocean.

Handle water at the source → manage it on the surface →

reduce its speed before it reaches a watercourse.