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Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is the monomeric unit of several important polysaccharides, including starch, glycogen, and cellulose—each having distinct linkages and biological functions, as shown in the image. When 10 glucose monomers join via dehydration synthesis to form a polysaccharide chain, water is lost during bond formation.
Which of the following statements is most accurate in explaining the relationship between polymerization and structure-function in these glucose-based polymers?
The image illustrates the endosymbiotic theory, which proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by a host cell. Scientific theories gain credibility when they are falsifiable—i.e., when they make predictions that can be tested and potentially proven wrong.
Which of the following, if discovered, would most strongly falsify the endosymbiotic theory?
Name any two techniques you could use to confirm the success or failure of the proposed reaction.
Congratulations! You got all steps right so far and now have a highly concentrated solution of the required target molecule. List as bullet points the next steps required to finally obtain a high concentration of spike protein which you will use in the vaccine.
Anxious cricket fans may feel their hearts racing during tense moments—this is due to faster electrical activity in the heart.
Refer to the diagram below:
The bottom graph shows the cardiac action potential of a contractile cell.
Image B shows the conduction of electrical signals from the SA node through the cardiac muscle.
However, one of the features depicted in Image B is inaccurate. Identify the best option:
During intense exercise, as seen in the cricketer above, sweat is produced by sweat glands. Although sweat initially contains both water and electrolytes, some electrolytes are reabsorbed as sweat moves through the duct. Compared to blood plasma, the final sweat that reaches the skin surface is:
Let us assume you have been provided with the information you requested in point (ii). You will now employ a molecular biology technique to create a concentrated solution of the molecule of interest.
In the image, the cricketer powerfully swings the bat, a movement that requires rapid and coordinated muscle contraction. Which sequence best describes the microscopic events enabling muscle contraction?
List the components of the reaction mixture you will create to conduct the selected molecular biology technique.