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IMM2011 - Basic immunology: The body's defence system - S1 2025
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The antigen receptors on naïve T and B cells are membrane bound and sit on the surface of the cell where they interact with antigen. What is the next step that occurs following antigen recognition?
What is the abbreviation given to the conserved motif (sequences) that is found in the cytoplasmic tail of the membrane proteins associated with the TCR synapse that are associated with signal transduction? These are associated with promoting cell-activating signal transduction pathways.
During affinity maturation of an antibody, where are the majority of mutations in the antibody chains found?
What is one of the key features of the humoral B cell immune response?
A naïve T cell undergoes differentiation as it becomes activated. This process of differentiation is driven by:
The cytokines that are produced by innate cells upon exposure to a microbe are important in:
If a TH1 response has been generated against an extracellular bacteria that has also infected macrophages, which of the following interactions will occur initially that allow the activated TH1 cell to assist the macrophage kill this bacteria?
The type of response that is generated to a particular pathogen can be influenced by genetics, such that, in different individuals, it may skew towards a TH1 or TH2 response to the same pathogen. In humans that develop a strong TH2 response to the macrophage intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium leprae, the more destructive form, called Lepromatous leprosy, is associated with:
The cytokines secreted by TH1 cells have the capacity to activate macrophages in the process of eliminating intracellular pathogens. The cytokines secreted by TH2 cells also have the capacity to activate macrophages; their role in this situation is:
One requirement for an antibody to be defined as neutralising against a pathogen is that: