are targetted by general anaesthetics such as chloroform.

can have their activity influenced by local changes in voltage.

mediate neuronal excitation upon their activation.

are only expressed on post-synaptic nerves.

Activation of N-type calcium channels.

Inhibition of N-type calcium channels.

Antagonism of NMDA receptors.

Activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors.

Activates µ receptors, and is therefore associated with dysphoria.

Antagonises µ receptors, and is therefore not associated with analgesia.

Antagonises Κ receptors, and is therefore not associated with analgesia.

Antagonises Κ receptors, and is therefore not associated with dysphoria.

1 is a false statement but 2 is a true statement

1 and 2 are true statements and 2 is the correct explanation for 1

1 is true statement but 2 is a false statement

1 and 2 are true statements but 2 is NOT the correct explanation for 1

Both statements are false

Ca²⁺ influx.

decreases in cellular cAMP.

substance P acting at TRPV1 receptors.

NMDA receptor activation.

limit the duration of local anaesthetic action.

reduce systemic absorption of the local anaesthetic.

maintain the patient’s blood pressure.

reduce the amount of local anaesthetic required.

Cellular hyperpolarisation.

Suppression of spinal enkephalinergic neuron activity.

Inhibition of stimulatory 5-HTergic neurons.

Coupling to G_s proteins, resulting in enhanced adenylate cyclase activity.

ideal for maintenance of anaesthesia.

known to target K⁺ channels such as TREK-1.

able to take effect faster than inhalation anaesthetics.

potent analgesics.