In a

34-year-old pregnant woman, an elective caesarean section is necessary. The

cause is the diagnosis of placenta increta, which was already discovered during

regular screening checks. After the baby is born, a hysterectomy (removal of

the uterus) is performed with the placenta attached. Placenta increta is a

condition in which the main placental villi grow deep into the uterine

myometrial musculature. What is the maternal part of the placenta called?

A 33-year-old woman is 32 weeks pregnant and

experiences premature amniotic fluid leakage and preterm labour. The woman is

given tocolytics (medication that inhibit uterine muscle activity). Their

administration stops or relieves the contractions of the uterus, thereby

delaying premature labour. The main benefit of tocolytic treatment is mainly

short-term, i.e. delaying preterm birth by two to seven days. The reason for

tocolytic treatment is to buy time for transport of the woman and baby to a

specialized centre and for time for administration of corticosteroids to induce

lung maturity of the fetus. One important factor in lung maturity is sufficient

surfactant production. Which lung cells produce it?

A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because

of increased fatigue and a significant loss of muscle mass. In addition, he has

broken two limbs in the last six months. During a detailed examination, a

significantly reduced testosterone level in the blood is found. Which cells are

responsible for testosterone production in males?

A 48-year-old woman visits her physician

complaining of recurrent vaginal yeast infection. The doctor explains the

likelihood that the woman´s problem is acid-base imbalance. The normally low pH

in the vagina is maintained by which of the following?

A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because

of increased fatigue and a significant loss of muscle mass. In addition, he has

broken two limbs in the last six months. During a detailed examination, a

significantly reduced testosterone level in the blood is found. Which cells are

responsible for testosterone production in males?

A 44-year-old man comes to the

physician because of a 6-month history of persistent cough with

yellow mucus and worsening shortness of breath. One year ago, he

had similar symptoms that lasted 4 months. He has smoked two

packs of cigarettes daily for the past 20 years.