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Special Histology for Dental Medicine
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A 36-year-old man presents with abdominal pain and gastroesophageal reflux (connected with heartburn). An endoscopic exam reveals gastric ulcers. A serum analysis reveals increased levels of gastrin, a hormone that stimulates the release of gastric acid from the parietal cells of gastric glands. Which of the following cell types is the source of the hormone?
A 63-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up evaluation of chronic, retrosternal chest pain. The pain is worse at night and after heavy meals. He has taken medicines to reduce the production of stomach acids for several months without any relief from his symptoms. An upper endoscopy shows changes in the distal esophagus and in the area above the gastro-oesophageal junction. A biopsy of the distal esophagus shows simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells, which does not occur normally here. Which type of epithelium should normally occur here?
A 22-year-old patient presents for a colonoscopy to confirm a diagnosis of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. He has been suffering from crampy abdominal pain with watery diarrhea with admixture of blood and mucus for several weeks. During the endoscopy, a typical picture of mucosal damage by these autoimmune inflammations is described and a biopsy is taken for histological examination, which finally establishes the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is a rare autoimmune type of inflammation of the digestive system that typically affects the mucosa and submucosa of the rectum and colon. Which of the descriptions offered describes the normal appearance of the colonic mucosa?
A 12-year-old female patient presents for an orthodontic check-up after braces placement. In one spot, part of her braces are slightly pushing and interfering. There is a white spot that cannot be wiped off. As a result of mechanical irritation, the mucous membrane of the vestibular surface of the lip has become irritated and keratinised. Such spots are known as leukoplakia and, in addition to mechanical irritation, a number of other factors may be involved in their formation. However, the exact cause has not yet been described. The transformation of which epithelium is involved here, which normally forms the oral mucosa?
A 9-year-old girl comes to the dentist with her mother. A large swelling, even a cyst, is forming under her tongue. It is a so-called ranula, which is a retention cyst of the sublingual gland, formed by obliteration (closure) of the duct, probably as a result of a previous infection. The outflow of the saliva produced is impossible. The stagnant saliva dilates the ducts, forming a secretion-filled cyst. The treatment here is extirpation (surgical removal). Which characteristic describes the closed main duct of the salivary gland here?
During a preventive dental check-up, 35-year-old man is found to have tooth decay between his first and second molars. As the decay has already penetrated the enamel and reached the dentin, new dentin begins to form in response to this local irritation. What type of dentin is produced?
A 15-year-old girl had her tongue pierced unprofessionally by her friend. Unfortunately, this unprofessional execution led to an infection of the tongue, as well as the sublingual salivary gland located nearby. Which of the following describes the histological description of this gland?
A 36-year-old man presents with abdominal pain and gastroesophageal reflux (connected with heartburn). An endoscopic exam reveals gastric ulcers. A serum analysis reveals increased levels of gastrin, a hormone that stimulates the release of gastric acid from the parietal cells of gastric glands. Which of the following cell types is the source of the hormone?
A 63-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up evaluation of chronic, retrosternal chest pain. The pain is worse at night and after heavy meals. He has taken medicines to reduce the production of stomach acids for several months without any relief from his symptoms. An upper endoscopy shows changes in the distal esophagus and in the area above the gastro-oesophageal junction. A biopsy of the distal esophagus shows simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells, which does not occur normally here. Which type of epithelium should normally occur here?
A 9-year-old girl comes to the dentist with her mother. A large swelling, even a cyst, is forming under her tongue. It is a so-called ranula, which is a retention cyst of the sublingual gland, formed by obliteration (closure) of the duct, probably as a result of a previous infection. The outflow of the saliva produced is impossible. The stagnant saliva dilates the ducts, forming a secretion-filled cyst. The treatment here is extirpation (surgical removal). Which characteristic describes the closed main duct of the salivary gland here?