Tshedza and Mulweli have been married for five years. Mulweli sought psychological help after Tshedza complained about their lack of sexual intimacy. For the past year, Mulweli has been avoiding sex because of the painful feelings of inadequacy he suffered after his “failures.” He claims that he is faithful to his wife and that he is happily married. After four years of marriage, his wife told him that she wanted a baby, and this evoked anxiety in him. Although he has been unable to maintain an erection with his wife, he has been able to masturbate frequently while smelling her underwear – Which he finds distressing, Mulweli reported that he was not abusing any substances.

According to the DSM-5-TR classification system, Mulweli will most likely also receive the following diagnosis in the category of Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention:

 - - - - - can be defined as false beliefs that are firmly and consistently held despite evidence proving the contrary, whereas - - - - - can be defined as sensory events that take place in the absence of stimuli.

Jan met all his developmental milestones appropriately in his first year. However, in his second year, he did not progress as expected. He did not use words, and even by age three, Jan was still grabbing his mother’s wrist to drag her over to the sink when he wanted juice instead of using a word to indicate what he needed. Furthermore, Jan showed no distress when his mother left him alone, and when he was at preschool, he did not engage with other children his age. He wriggled away from any attempt by his parents or grandparents to show him affection or to engage him in play. By age four, Jan would speak but would use the exact phrases he had heard from his favourite television programme, which was often inappropriate to the context and lacked any clear meaning. If the psychologist were to diagnose Jan’s abnormal behaviour according to the DSM-5-TR classification system, the diagnosis would most likely be - - - -

For the past eight months, Sipho, a 9-year-old boy, has been in the principal’s office repeatedly due to his problematic behaviour. His teacher describes him as an angry little boy who is extremely argumentative, often showing vindictive and annoying behaviour and then blaming his peers for his own actions. He has even, on occasion, been cheeky and refused to do what the principal told him to do, to make amends with both his teacher and peers. Eventually, the principal referred Sipho to a psychologist for an assessment and intervention for his problematic behaviour. If the psychologist, after conducting a full assessment, were to diagnose Sipho’s abnormal behaviour according to the DSM-5-TR classification system, the diagnosis would most likely be - - - - -.

From an early age, Paul experienced severe distress due to his conviction that he was a girl trapped in the body of a boy. He avoided all traditionally male activities throughout his adolescence, preferring instead to engage in traditionally female activities. As an adult, he has a sex change operation and is now known as Pauline. Which one of the following DSM-5-TR classification system diagnoses was most appropriate in Paul’s case?

Amy, a 12-year-old girl, developed explosive outbursts shortly after the birth of her baby brother 14 months ago. Every day since the birth of her brother, Amy has been shouting and swearing at her mother in an extremely aggressive manner when her interaction with her mother is interrupted by her brother’s crying and need for attention. In contrast to her behaviour at home, Amy’s teacher as well as her hockey coach, report that she is well behaved at school and on the hockey field. Which aspects of Amy’s case rule out a diagnosis of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder? a) Amy’s age at onset of the abnormal behaviour. b) The abnormal behaviour has been present for approximately 14 months. c) Her temper outbursts manifest only verbally. d) Her overall mood is not irritable, angry or sad. e) The temper outbursts only manifest at home. f) She has at least one outburst every day.

- - - - - is defined as recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviours involving acts in which the psychological or physical suffering of a victim is sexually exciting to a person. Whereas, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviours involving acts of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer is characteristic of - - - - -.

Zanile, 12 years old, is only able to recognise familiar faces of her family members. Her communication is limited to a few one word answers and she needs constant adult care. The psychologist’s report to the care facility indicated that she has an IQ score of 35. Zanile’s level of Intellectual Disability is

According to the DSM-5-TR classification system, a diagnosis of Fetishistic Disorder refers to which of the following?

Gambling disorder is a non-substance-related disorder that involves a compulsive desire to engage in gambling activities despite negative consequences. It may be diagnosed when someone exhibits the identified symptoms - - - - -.