An anthropologist explains a ritual to outside readers not by replacing difficult words, but by reconstructing the symbolic logic that makes the practice meaningful.

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Which feature most strongly explains the structural parallel between metaphor and translation?

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A reviewer comments on a translation: “The version remains loyal because it never claims authority of its own and stays properly in the service of the original.”

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Select TWO statements that best reflect the twentieth-century shift from rhetorical to cognitive understandings of metaphor.

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A translation workshop instructor tells students: “Your main task is to carry the same meaning across as clearly as possible, without adding interpretive weight of your own.”

Which metaphorical model of translation is operating most clearly in this statement?

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Select TWO statements that best explain why bodily and reproductive metaphors of translation are theoretically and politically problematic.

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Match the theorist to the concept or terminological contribution most closely associated with their work.

A translator working on a politically sensitive novel chooses not to erase local idioms, but also avoids leaving them entirely opaque, shaping the text so that readers must negotiate unfamiliarity rather than consume it as exotic display.

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A scholar argues that craft metaphors improve on transfer metaphors because they make the translator visible as a maker, but do not fully account for hierarchy or ideological framing.

Select TWO statements that best explain why the cognitive view of metaphor matters for translation studies.

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