It is the world’s first commercial-scale CCS project.

It stores CO₂ in shallow formations close to urban areas.

It was the first to use basalt formations for CO₂ storage.

It generates electricity directly from injected CO₂.

They offer low resistance to CO₂ flow due to their fractured nature.

They have well-characterised geological data and pre-existing infrastructure.

They increase the solubility of CO₂ through their unique water chemistry.

They chemically react with CO₂ to form permanent carbonate minerals.

Presence of high geothermal energy for enhanced mineralisation.

Absence of geological faults or fractures.

Caprock integrity and formation depth.

Porosity and permeability of the reservoir rock.

It leverages deep geological formations that can trap CO₂ for millennia, supported by mature technologies and scientific validation.

It can store CO₂ in shallow underground formations for easy retrieval.

It is the cheapest and most straightforward method for capturing CO_2.

It requires no long-term monitoring and infrastructure.

To enhance the natural gas recovery from CO₂ injection sites.

To reduce the cost of CO₂ injection and improve logistics.

To ensure the geological formation is depleted before injection.

To detect and mitigate leakage risks, ensure safety, and build public trust.

Chemical instability of CO₂

Lack of available technology

Significant energy consumption

High water usage

Gulf Coast CCS project

Northern Lights project

Denbury pipeline network

Alberta Carbon Trunk Line

Gaseous CO₂ at high pressure

Supercritical CO₂ at high temperature

Solid dry ice

Cryogenic freezers

Magnetic levitation compressors

Single-stage pumps

Multi-stage compressors with intercooling

15.5 MPa and 50.1 °C

7.38 MPa and 31.1 °C

10.42 MPa and 40.2 °C

5 MPa and 20.9 °C