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In tumour cells relying on glutaminolysis to replenish TCA cycle intermediates, which membrane transporter and enzymatic pathway convert extracellular glutamine into α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)?
In response to high circulating IGF-1, active AKT regulates multiple downstream transcription factors and regulatory proteins. Beyond inhibiting BAD, how does AKT concurrently prevent apoptosis and drive cell division?
What specific role does the zinc transporter ZIP1 play in normal prostate epithelium, and how is this pathway altered in prostate cancer cells?
Based on the Warburg model in your lecture slides, what ATP yield per mole of glucose is generated under aerobic glycolysis, and how do MCT1 and MCT4 function co-dependently within the tumour microenvironment?
What is the primary metabolic fate of glucose-derived pyruvate in cancer cells exhibiting the Warburg effect, and which monocarboxylate transporter is specifically responsible for lactate efflux out of the tumour cell?
In the reciprocal pathway connecting OSA and obesity, through which combination of neurohormonal mechanisms does OSA actively exacerbate weight gain and metabolic deterioration?
How does circadian disruption during night shifts alter macronutrient substrate selection and feeding behaviour in human experimental studies?
According to circadian biology models of shiftwork, how does circadian desynchrony promote systemic metabolic dysfunction?
Studies
linking inadequate sleep to Type 2 Diabetes, which specific triad of upstream
physiological disruptions directly causes altered glucose metabolism and
subsequent insulin resistance?