A loss-of-function mutation through point mutations in both alleles

 A gain-of-function mutation through a point mutation in one allele

Chromosomal translocation deleting a growth-regulatory gene

A loss-of-function mutation through a point mutation in one allele

An increase in the number of radial processes emanating from the Bergmann glial cells

A mass migration of granule cell precursors from the external granular layer (EGL) to the internal granular layer (IGL)

An expansion of the granule cell precursors in the external granular layer (EGL)

An increase in the number of Shh-secreting Purkinje cells in the molecular layer

When a mutation occurs in the only functional allele of a tumour suppressor gene, rendering it dysfunctional

When a mutation is acquired in a proto-oncogene, rendering it dysfunctional 

When an individual inherits two dysfunctional alleles of a tumour suppressor gene

When an individual inherits one dysfunctional allele of a proto-oncogene

Lengthening chromosome telomeres leading to the avoidance of senescence

Resisting cell death via inhibiting the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria

Inducing angiogenesis by promoting cancer cell secretion of VEGF 

Detachment of a cancer cell from the primary tumour and its transition to a migratory phenotype

Does not bind ligand

Lacks a ligand binding domain

Lacks tyrosine kinase activity in its cytoplasmic tail

Is only expressed in cancer cells

B-RAF binding to Ras-GDP, and its phosphorylation by SOS

B-RAF binding to Ras-GTP, and homo-dimerisation via its kinase domain

B-RAF binding to Ras-GTP, and its heterodimerisation with SOS

B-RAF binding to Ras-GTP, and its phosphorylation by Ras

The most invasive form of skin cancer

The least invasive form of skin cancer

The least common form of skin cancer

most commonly associated with p53 mutations