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DEV3011 - Experimental developmental biology and disease modelling - S1 2026

DEV3011 - Experimental developmental biology and disease modelling - S1 2026

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Complete the sentence below:

__________________ are required for limb bud initiation and identity.

AER-derived Fibroblast Growth Factors

100%

Mesenchymal derived FGF8s in the AER

Shh molecules released from the ZPA

T-box transcription factors

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Different species of frogs in a tropical forest have different limb lengths.

Developmentally, what is the most likely cause of this variation in limb length?

Variation in Fgf8 activity

100%

A loss-of-function mutation in the Tbx5 gene

Variation in the expression of Wnt7a

Variation in Sonic Hedgehog expression

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A DEV3011 student has conducted whole embryo staining and gets the result shown below.

What is specifically stained n in the result above?

Cartilage staining in mouse fore- and hindlimbs

Bone and muscle development in a chicken embryo

Cartilage and bone development in chicken

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Bone development in a mouse embryo

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You find that over-expression of the Shox2 gene in the neural tube of mouse produces a specific neural tube defect at E11.5. What method could you use to rapidly test if ectopic expression of the gene has the same or similar effect in the chicken embryo?

Targeted deletion of the Shox2 gene in chicken, using ES cells

Electroporation of Cas9 and Shox2 guide RNAs into the chicken neural tube

In ovo electroporation of Shox2 into the neural tube of early chicken embryos

100%

In situ hybridisation for Shox2 mRNA expression in chicken embryos

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Observe the data shown below.

The image below shows a spermatogonium that will give rise to four haploid gametes. Note the position of the labelled alleles.

What is the most likely result after meiosis to generate these four gametes?

Mutation of the b alleles

Linkage equilibrium

❌

Loss of the A alleles

Linkage disequilibrium

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True or False. If you measured the expression level of genes that reside on the human X chromosome, females would have twice the level of gene expression compared to males.

Genomic imprinting refers to the process where genes are only expressed female or male cells.

A mouse embryo has a loss-of-function mutation in a methylation enzyme, DNMT, that prevents cytosine methylation on DNA. What is the most likely outcome?

Methylation of cytosine residues on the DNA

Inhibition of histone modifications

Aberrantly elevated gene expression

50%

Aberrantly repressed gene expression

50%

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What role do histones play in epigenetics?

They can be methylated or non-methylated at cytosine residues

They always mark inactive genes when methylated

They can have chemical modifications that affect gene expression

100%