The scientists suggest using phage therapy (using bacteriophages) to target the bacterial infection. Compared to chemical pesticides, phages only specifically attack the targeted bacterial species, leaving other cells unharmed. Unlike chemical pesticides, phages are biodegradable and do not accumulate in the environment.

The key to the phage attacking the bacteria is it's specific recognition of the bacteria via the receptor. 

Considering that there are proteins involved in this reaction, suggest atleast 2 intermolecular forces that help the phage bind to the bacteria. 

The phage kills the bacteria by hijacking it's transcription and translational machineries. 

The research identifies a specific bacterial gene sequence that normally gets transcribed and translated into a short peptide. After phage infection, they discover a phage-derived sequence replacing this bacterial sequence, leading to a different amino acid sequence. 

Bacterial DNA sequence - 5'- GTG ATG TTT GGC AAC TGA TAA-3'

Phage DNA sequence - 5' - GTG ATG TTC TGA GGA AGC TAA -3'

(i) Determine the correct bacterial and phage mRNA sequence. (1.5 marks)

(ii) Determine the correct bacterial and phage polypeptide sequence. (1.5 marks)

(iii) Explain 2 specific ways in which altering the poylpeptide sequence can help disrupt the bacterial cell functioning (1 mark).

The research team is investigating which  specific biomolecule in

the bacteria is chiefly

responsible for causing the disease. They aim to identify

it using a

combination of radiolabelling,

chemical

assays, and cell fractionation.

The following experimental results are

obtained:

Radiolabelling Experiments:

Chemical Assays:

Cell Fractionation:

The scientists find out over studies that it's not the fertilizers, but rather

 a microorganism that is infecting the tomato plant causing

withering and spots. The mircroorganism is using the following structure in plants and leading to production of glucose molecules from this. 

Can you explain what is the possible mechanism of action by which plants are suffering due to this microorganism?

The scientists find out that the microorganism is a bacteria and the following structure shows a single cell and a cross section of an organelle. Can you explain the connection of how the organelle shown here, helps this bacteria?

Farmers are protesting in Punjab due to crop infestation in their tomato farms. The government has taken a measure and framed a policy for not allowing use of certain chemical pesticides to protect the environment and health. The farmers feel as a result of this their crops are suffering infestation and leading to losses. The government has approached your research institute to understand and find a solution to the problem. 

A team of scientists starts looking at the problem. 

The researchers first understand which fertilizers are being used by farmers and make sure that it's not the cause of the problem. The fertilizers used contain the elements phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N). 

Looking at the plant cell structure below, name two parts of the cell where phosphorous and nitrogen will be used most. 

Koliku struju pokazuje ampermetar sa slike?

Za šemu sa slike 1 poznato je , , . Potrebno je izmjeriti struju kroz otpornik i napon na otporniku . Koliko instrumenata je ispravno spojeno da mjeri tražene veličine?

Povezati instrumente sa njihovim imenima.

7. Izračunati površinski integral , ako je spoljna strana sfere